Fungicide
FRAC  3; DMI: triazole



NOMENCLATURE
Common name epoxiconazole (BSI, pa ISO)
IUPAC name (2RS,3SR)-1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-epoxy-2-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole 
Chemical Abstracts name cis-1-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiranyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole 
CAS RN [106325-08-0]  EEC no. 406-850-2  Development codes BAS 480F (BASF)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Material is the 2R,3S- 2S,3R- enantiomer pair.  Mol. wt. 329.8  M.f. C₁₇H₁₃ClFN₃O  Form Colourless crystals.  M.p. 136.2 ºC  V.p. <0.01 mPa at 20 ºC  K_OW logP = 3.44 (pH 7)  Henry <4.71× 10^-4 Pa m³ mol^-1 (calc.)  S.g./density 1.384 (room temperature)  Solubility In water 6.63 ×10^-4 g/100 ml (20 ºC). In acetone 14.4, dichloromethane 29.1, heptane 0.04 (all in g/100 ml).  Stability No hydrolysis at pH 5 and pH 7 within 12 days. 

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Inhibition of C-14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis.  Mode of action Preventive and curative fungicide.  Uses Broad-spectrum fungicide, with preventive and curative action, for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes in cereals, sugar beet, peanuts, oilseed rape, and ornamentals, generally at 125 g/ha.  Formulation types SC; SE.  Compatibility Compatible with morpholines and MBC-derivatives.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats >5000 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD₅₀ for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes and skin of rabbits.  Inhalation LC₅₀ (4 h) for rats >5.3 mg/l air.  NOEL (carcinogenicity) for mice 0.81 mg/kg b.w.  ADI 0.0032 mg/kg daily.

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD₅₀ for quail >2000 mg/kg. LC₅₀ for quail 5000 mg/kg.  Fish LC₅₀ (96 h) for trout 2.2-4.6, bluegill sunfish 4.6-6.8 mg/kg.  Daphnia LC₅₀ (48 h) 8.7 mg/l.  Algae EC₅₀ (72 h) for green algae 2.3 mg/l.  Bees LD₅₀ >100 mg/bee.  Worms EC₅₀ (14 d) >1000 mg/kg soil. 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals A.i. is readily excreted via faeces. There are no major metabolites, but a high number of minor metabolites was identified. The important metabolic reactions were cleavage of the oxirane ring, hydroxylation of the phenyl rings and conjugation.  Plants There is extensive degradation.  Soil/Environment Degradation in soil is by microbial activity, DT₅₀ c. 2-3 mo. K_oc 957-2647.